Procurement glossary: Quality & standards
72 terms on Quality & standards.
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- Acceptance criteriaacceptance conditions · acceptance test criteria · acceptance specificationAcceptance criteria are the contractually or formally defined requirements that a supplied item must fulfil in order for the customer to accept the delivery. Th
- APQPAdvanced Product Quality Planning · APQP process · Advanced product quality planningAPQP (Advanced Product Quality Planning) is a structured, phase-based process for quality assurance in the development and industrialisation of new products. It
- Audit ChecklistAudit checklist · Inspection checklist · Audit guideAn audit checklist is a structured inspection document with which purchasers and quality managers systematically evaluate suppliers, processes or sites. It defi
- Audit PlanAudit planning · Audit schedule · PrüfplanThe audit plan is a structured document or planning overview that defines which audits are to be carried out in a defined period at which suppliers, internal de
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- Bow-Tie AnalysisBow-Tie Method · Bow Tie Analysis · Barrier ModelThe bow-tie analysis is a visual risk management method that depicts the causes, event and consequences of a risk in the shape of a bow tie. It combines cause a
- Burden notificationComplaint notification · Damage notification · Quality notificationThe burden notification is a formal report with which a company documents that it has been burdened by a defective goods receipt performance, transport damage o
C
- Certificate of Analysis (CoA)CoA · Analysis Certificate · Certificate of Analysis ReportThe Certificate of Analysis (CoA) is an analytical inspection document assigned to the result of a quality inspection of a specific product batch. In procuremen
- Certificate of ConformityCoC · Konformitätserklärung · Conformity CertificateThe Certificate of Conformity (CoC) is a declaration of conformity with which a supplier confirms that delivered products or materials comply with the agreed sp
- Claim ManagementClaims management · Claim handling · Contract claims managementClaim management refers to the structured identification, assessment, negotiation and settlement of claims between companies and their suppliers or customers. I
- Complaint AssessmentReklamationsbeurteilung · Reklamationsprüfung · complaint evaluationComplaint assessment is the systematic process by which procurement and quality managers examine, weigh and decide on further measures regarding incoming object
- Complaint Raterejection rate · complaint rate · complaint ratioThe complaint rate is a central quality key figure in procurement and describes the proportion of rejected deliveries or parts as a share of the total quantity
- Complaint reportMängelrüge · Reklamation · ComplaintThe complaint report is the formal, usually written or system-supported objection to a defective or non-conforming delivery or service. It documents the nature,
- Complaints managementBeschwerdemanagement · Mängelmanagement · Claim ManagementComplaints management refers to the structured handling of complaints about delivered goods or services along the entire supply chain. It combines quality manag
- ContainmentInterim Containment Action · Containment measure · Immediate measureIn procurement and quality management, containment refers to the immediate containment and shielding of defective parts or processes in order to prevent further
- Control of Nonconforming ProductNonconforming Product Control · Nonconformity Management · Control of NonconformityControl of Nonconforming Product refers to the systematic identification, documentation, isolation and reworking of products or parts that fail to meet agreed r
- Control Plancontrol plan · process control plan · quality control planThe control plan is a central quality assurance document that systematically defines how a manufacturing process is monitored and controlled. For each process s
- Cpk/Process Capabilityprocess capability index · Process Capability Index · Cp/CpkCpk (Process Capability Index) is a metric that describes how well a production-related process is able to consistently comply with defined tolerance limits. Fo
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- First Article Inspection (FAI)FAI · Erstmusterprüfung · ErstmusterprüfberichtFirst Article Inspection (FAI) refers to the systematic inspection and documentation of a first sample manufactured under series production conditions before a
- First Pass Yield (FPY)FPY · first pass success rate · First Pass Yield RateFirst Pass Yield (FPY) denotes the share of units that pass through a production process or process chain for the first time without scrap, rework or remedial w
- FMEAFailure Mode and Effects Analysis · failure mode analysis · DFMEAFMEA (Failure Mode and Effects Analysis) is a systematic method for identifying potential failures in products and processes before they occur. It originated in
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- Gage R&RGRR · Gage Repeatability and Reproducibility · measurement system analysisGage R&R (Gage Repeatability and Reproducibility) is an established method of measurement system analysis used to determine how much of the variation in a measu
- Goods Receipt with Quality InspectionIncoming Inspection · Goods Receipt Inspection · Goods Receipt with Quality InspectionGoods receipt with quality inspection refers to the process in which incoming goods and parts are not only recorded in terms of quantity and identity but are al
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- Incoming goods inspection with AQL samplingAQL inspection · Acceptable Quality Limit · sampling inspectionIncoming goods inspection using an AQL sample is a standardised procedure in which, instead of complete delivery quantities, only a defined portion is inspected
- Incoming InspectionWareneingangskontrolle · Eingangsprüfung · Incoming InspectionIncoming inspection is the systematic check of delivered goods and services directly upon acceptance at the site. It ensures that the quantity, identity, qualit
- Incoming Inspection Planincoming inspection plan · goods receipt inspection plan · goods inspection planThe incoming inspection plan bindingly specifies which characteristics of supplied goods are inspected, with which inspection methods and to what extent. It is
- Incoming QualityWareneingangsqualität · Anlieferungsqualität · Incoming QualityIncoming quality refers to the quality of goods and components at the moment they arrive at procurement or in production. It encompasses technical conformity, c
- Initial Sample Inspection Report (ISIR)Erstmusterprüfbericht · EMPB · Initial Sample ReportThe Initial Sample Inspection Report (ISIR) is the documented evidence of an initial sample inspection, with which a supplier demonstrates that a newly develope
- Initial Sampling (EMPB)EMPB · First article inspection · PPAPInitial sampling, frequently referred to internationally as EMPB (Enhanced Modified Product Benchmark), first article sampling or First Article Inspection, is t
- Inspection instructionPrüfsvorschrift · Inspection Instruction · Inspection Work InstructionThe inspection instruction is a documented working document that specifies how, with what and to what extent a product or process is inspected. It is a central
- Ishikawa DiagramFishbone Diagram · Cause-and-Effect Diagram · Ishikawa DiagramThe Ishikawa diagram, also known as the fishbone diagram or cause-and-effect diagram, is a visual method for the structured root cause analysis of problems. In
- ISO 9001ISO 9001:2015 · QMS standard · quality management standardISO 9001 is the globally established standard for quality management systems (QMS) and defines requirements for processes, responsibilities and continuous impro
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- Layered Process Audit (LPA)LPA · Layered Audit · Process ConfirmationThe Layered Process Audit (LPA) is a multi-level checking method in which process conformity is verified at regular intervals and at various hierarchical levels
- Lot NumberChargennummer · Chargen-ID · Lot NumberThe lot number is a unique identifier for a produced or procured quantity of identical units manufactured under identical conditions. It makes it possible to tr
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- Material ComplianceMaterial conformity · Substance Compliance · Chemical ComplianceMaterial compliance refers to ensuring that all materials and components used in the procurement and production process meet the applicable legal, normative and
- Material releaseMaterial release · B-release · Material approvalMaterial release is the formal process by which a company determines that a supplier's material or component is approved for series production or productive use
- Measuring equipment managementMeasuring equipment management · Test Equipment Management · Calibration managementMeasuring equipment management refers to the systematic planning, monitoring and documentation of all measuring and test equipment within the company. The aim i
- MSA (Measurement System Analysis)Measurement System Analysis · Messsystemanalyse · GRR-AnalyseMSA stands for Measurement System Analysis, in German Messsystemanalyse. It denotes the systematic examination of measuring and inspection systems with regard t
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- Parts per Million (PPM)PPM · Defects per Million · Defect rate in PPMParts per Million (PPM) describes how many defective units statistically occur per one million delivered parts and is regarded as the standard key figure for de
- Pilot RunPilot series · Trial run · Pre-Series RunThe pilot run is an initial series trial run in which a product is manufactured under real series production conditions before full-scale production release is
- PPAPProduction Part Approval Process · PSW · Part Submission WarrantPPAP (Production Part Approval Process) is a standardised release process for volume production parts that originally comes from the automotive industry and is
- Process CapabilityProcess Capability · Cpk · CpProcess capability describes the ability of a manufacturing process to consistently and reproducibly meet defined tolerance limits over an extended period. It i
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- Quality (PPM)PPM · Parts Per Million · Parts-per-MillionQuality (PPM) refers to the defect rate of delivered parts, expressed in parts per million (Parts Per Million). In industrial procurement, the metric is a stand
- Quality agreementQuality Agreement · Quality Assurance Agreement · QA AgreementThe quality agreement is a contractual document in which the buyer and supplier bindingly define the specific quality requirements for products, processes and d
- Quality Assurance AgreementQAA · Quality Assurance Agreement · Quality AgreementThe quality assurance agreement (QAA), also known internationally as a Quality Agreement, is a contractual document in which buyer and supplier bindingly define
- Quality AuditsLieferantenaudit · Quality Audit · SystemauditQuality audits are systematic, independent examinations by which companies determine whether processes, products and management systems comply with defined requ
- Quality costs (COPQ)Cost of Poor Quality · COPQ · Failure CostsQuality costs, internationally often referred to as Cost of Poor Quality (COPQ), comprise all costs arising from defective products, processes or delivery perfo
- Quality GatesQuality Gate · Gate Review · Phase-Gate ProcessQuality gates are defined checkpoints in a process at which specified criteria decide whether a product, project or order proceeds. In industrial procurement, t
- Quality inspectionQualitätskontrolle · Quality Inspection · WareneingangsprüfungQuality inspection comprises all systematic measures by which procurement organisations verify that incoming goods, intermediate products and services meet the
- Quality Management in ProcurementSupplier Quality Management · SQM · LieferantenqualitätQuality management in procurement encompasses all processes by which buyers ensure that purchased materials, parts and services permanently meet the agreed requ
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- RequalificationRequalification · New qualification · Supplier requalificationRequalification refers to the renewed qualification of a supplier, manufacturing process or product that had previously been successfully approved but has lost
- Restricted Substances List (RSL)RSL · List of restricted substances · Substance ban listThe Restricted Substances List (RSL) is an industry- or company-specific list of substances whose use in products, components and materials is prohibited or res
- Run at RateRaR · Rate Run · Capacity RunRun at Rate (RaR) is a defined validation measure in which a supplier demonstrates that it can produce a product in production quality and at the agreed cycle t
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- Safe LaunchSafe Launch Plan · Launch Support · Launch protectionSafe Launch refers to a structured, time-limited monitoring procedure during the launch of new or modified parts, processes and suppliers, before and during the
- Sample deliveryErstmusterlieferung · Vorserienmuster · ErstmusterA sample delivery is the initial delivery of a part or component by a supplier, which is inspected and approved prior to release for series production. It serve
- Sampling InspectionSampling Inspection · AQL Inspection · Acceptable Quality LimitSampling inspection is a quality inspection method in which conclusions about the quality of an entire quantity are drawn from a subset of a delivery or product
- Series approvalSOP approval · start-of-production approval · PPAP approvalSeries approval is the formal transition of a part, assembly or supplier from the development and sample stage into series production. It marks the point from w
- Series production approval processSerienfreigabe · Erstbemusterung · SerienmusterfreigabeThe series production approval process is the formalised procedure by which a company releases a component, assembly or finished product for series delivery. It
- Sorting actionSortierung · Sortieraktion Qualitätssicherung · 100% SortierungA sorting action is the targeted manual or mechanical inspection and separation of a delivery into good and defective parts when a quality defect is suspected o
- SPCStatistical Process Control · statistische Prozesslenkung · statistische ProzessregelungSPC (Statistical Process Control, German: statistische Prozesslenkung) is a quality engineering method for the continuous monitoring and control of manufacturin
- Special CharacteristicsSC · special characteristics · Critical CharacteristicsSpecial Characteristics (SC) are product and process characteristics whose failure or deviation can directly jeopardise the safety of persons, legal compliance
- Specification ManagementAnforderungsmanagement · Specification Management · Technische SpezifikationSpecification management refers to the systematic capture, maintenance, approval and change control of technical and commercial requirements for materials, comp
- Supplier CertificateLieferantenqualifizierungsnachweis · Supplier Certificate · Supplier CertificationA supplier certificate is documentary evidence with which a supplier confirms compliance with standards, norms or statutory requirements. In industrial procurem
- Supplier Corrective Action Request (SCAR)SCAR · Supplier Corrective Action · Supplier Corrective Action RequestA Supplier Corrective Action Request (SCAR) is a formal document by which a company requires a supplier to perform a systematic root cause analysis and permanen
- Supplier PPM targetPPM supplier · Parts per Million · PPM target valueThe supplier PPM target is a quantified requirement for the maximum number of defects per one million parts or units delivered by a supplier. It translates qual
- Supplier quality targetSupplier Quality Target · Lieferantenqualität Zielwert · Supplier Quality ObjectiveThe supplier quality target is the binding, measurable quality requirement that a company imposes on its suppliers and anchors contractually as well as operatio
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- Tool releaseTool release · Tool acceptance · Tool acceptance reportTool release is the formal confirmation by the customer or purchasing department that a tool is suitable for series production and may be used. It usually follo
- TraceabilityRückverfolgbarkeit · Rückverfolgung · Tracking and TracingTraceability refers to the seamless traceability of products, components and materials along the entire supply chain. For technical buyers it is a central instr
- Traceability of MaterialsMaterial traceability · Traceability · Batch traceabilityTraceability of materials (material traceability) refers to the ability to document the origin, processing route and point of use of materials along the entire
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- 5 Why5 Why Method · 5 Why Analysis · Five WhysThe 5 Why method is a simple yet effective technique for determining the cause of a problem by repeatedly asking the question “Why?”. For buyers and supply chai
- 8D containmentContainment Measures · Interim Containment Action · Sofortmaßnahmen8D containment refers to the interim actions within the 8D report process used to contain a quality defect that has already occurred and protect against further
- 8D Report8D report · 8D methodology · Eight DisciplinesThe 8D report is a standardised procedure for structured, team-based problem solving that leads through eight disciplines from problem description to effectiven